Trees of Pakistan
Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Kail, Biar
English Name : Blue pine
Description : A large tree 30 to 45 m tall with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 m. The crown is conical. The needles are in fives, 10 to 20 cm long and bluish to grey green in color. The bole is straight, erect. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are many, crowded in headlike clusters, 1 cm long. The female flowers are solitary or 2 to 3 clustered at the ends of branches and bloom between April and June. The fruit, female cone, is 15 to 30 cm long when mature. Seed in the cone takes a year to mature after pollination or 2 years to complete that reproductive cycle. There are two, winged seeds beneath each cone scale. Seed is shed September through October. It occurs in pure stands or as part of the mixed coniferous forest. Fire, porcupines and bears cause considerable damage to it. It is susce
Pinus roxburghii Sargent
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Nakhtar, Chir
English Name : Pine
Description : A large tree 21 to 33 m tall with an average diameter of 0.6 m. The crown is rounded. The needles are in threes, 20 to 30 cm long. The bole is straight, erect. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are many crowded in headlike clusters, 1.3 to 1.8 cm long. The female flowers are erect solitary with 2 to 5 clustered at the end of branches. The cones bloom between January and April. The fruit is the female cone. As it ripens it turns a shiny reddish-brown color. The seed in the cone takes a full year to mature after pollination and 2 years for the reproductive cycle to be completed. There are two, winged seeds beneath each cone scale. Seed is shed September through October. The tree is free of disease and insect problems. Natural regeneration occurs readily on hare mineral s
Pinus halepensis Miller
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Quetta pine
English Name : Aleppo pine
Description : A medium sized tree 12 to 27 m tall with an average diameter of 0.4 m. The crown is rounded, diffuse with spreading branches. The needles are in twos, 6.25 to 15 cm long. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are many, crowded in headlike clusters. The female flowers are erect and clustered at the ends of branches. The cones bloom between April and June. The fruit is the female cone. As it ripens it turns a shiny reddish-brown color. The seed in the cone takes a full year to mature after pollination or 2 years for the reproductive cycle to be completed. There are two, winged seed beneath each cone scale. Seed is shed September through October. The tree is free of disease and insect problems. It is reproduced from seed. Seeds crops are frequent, and seed can be stored in sea
Pinus gerardiana Wall. Ex Lamb.
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Chalghoza pine
English Name : Pine nut
Description : A medium sized tree 12 to 18 m tall with diameters of 0.4 m. The crown is short and rounded. The branches are flat or curved. The needles are in threes 3.6 to 12 cm long and are dark green. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are many crowded in headlike clusters. The female flowers are erect. The cones bloom between June and July. The fruit is the female cone. As it ripens it turns a shiny reddish-brown color, remains attached and closed. The seed in the cone takes a full year to mature after pollution and a full 2 years for the reproductive cycle to be completed. There are two-winged seed beneath each cone scale. Seed is shed in September through October. The tree is attacked by cone borers and bark beetles. Grazing and collection of the edible seed has limited natural
Pinus brutia Ten.
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Quetta pine
English Name : Cyprus pine
Description : A medium to large tree 12 to 24 m tall with diameters of 0.4 m. The crown is thin, irregular and spreading. The needles are in twos, 11 to 15 cm long, and 0.5 to 1.5 mm wide. The needles are green with whitish lines. The stem is straight, and the bark is brownish-grey and furrowed. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are many, crowded in headlike clusters, elliptical 6 to 7 mm long and reddish yellow in color. The female flowers are erect, 2 to 4 sometimes 6 in rings at the ends of the branches. The cones are very short stalked to stalkless and up to 10 cm long. The cones bloom between February and March. The fruit is the female cone. As the cone ripens it turns to a shiny reddish-brown color, remaining attached and closed. The seed in the cone takes a full year to matur
Picea smithiana (Wall) Boiss
Family Name: Pinaceae
Local Name : Kachal, Partal
English Name : Himalayan Spruce
Description : A large, evergreen, tree 30 to 45 m tall with diameters of 0.8 to 1.1 m. In the open the branches extend to the ground forming a conical crown. In dense stands it self-prunes leaving a clear bole. Branches are whorled with a drooping appearance. The leaves are needlelike 2.5 to 4 cm long, arranged around the branch. The bark is greyish brown forming into plate like scales with age. It is monoecious. The male flowers or cones are solitary on the ends of branches. The female flowers are erect at the ends of the branches, pendulous when mature, 10 to 15 cm long and 2.5 to 5 cm wide. The cones bloom between April and May. The fruit is the female cone. As the cone ripens it turns to a brown color. The seed in the-cone takes a full year to mature after pollination and a full 2 years f
Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Emblica officinalis)
Family Name: Euphorbiaceae
Local Name : Amla
English Name : : Indian Gooseberry, Emblic Myrobian
Description : A medium-sized, deciduous tree, 25 to 33 m tall with diameters of 0.3 to 0.6 m. The crown is large, oval and dense. The leaves are compound and look like feathers. The leaflets are small, 0.5 to 1.6 cm long and 0.1 to 0.3 cm wide. The bark is smooth, greenish grey and peels off in sheets. The flowers are small almost inconspicuous, greenish yellow in color, appearing between March and May. The fruit is small, round, fleshy, 2.5 cm in diameter, containing 6 seeds. The fruiting period is June to February. It has no known insect or disease problems of significance. It is reproduced both from seed and by vegetative means. A moderately fast-growing tree. It has been reported that in 5 years, a plantation will have an average diameter of 2.7 cm. At 40 years the same plantations have a
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Family Name: Leguminosae
Local Name : Zard fawar
English Name : Golden Shower
Description : A small sized tree, 7 to 10 m high with diameters up to 30 cm. The leaves are compound each with 10 to 20 cm long leaflets forming a dense green crown. The yellow flowers are borne in long bunches (spikes) at the top of the tree crown. The dense green foliage accents the flower's color. Flowers develop in May through August, while fruit and seed are produced in the autumn. It is reproduced from seed. It needs protection from frost during its early years. Closed grains, grey color sapwood with medium density and durable strength.
Parkinsonia aculeata Linn.
Family Name: Leguminosae
Local Name : Parkinsonia, Kabuli Kikar
English Name : Jerusalem thorn
Description : A small evergreen tree or shrub. It is often crooked with a broad crown. At maturity it reaches heights of 5 to 9 m and diameters of approximately 0.3 m. Twigs and branches are armed with thorns. The leaves are compound with the tiny leaflets borne on long flat leaves 15 to 35 cm long that look like blades of grass. The bark is smooth and has a greenish color. The yellow flowers occur in May in hanging bunches with the individual flowers arranged along a central axis. The fruit is a pod 7 to 10 cm long, maturing in June and July. It is easily reproduced from seed or by vegetative means. The seed can be stored up to a year without loss of viability. Pre-treatment of seed is needed to overcome seed coat dormancy. A water soak for 3 to 4 days is usually adequate. A drought resistan
Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent
Family Name: Bignoniaceae
Local Name : Tat
English Name : Plecan, Indian trumpet flower
Description : This plant is a fast-growing evergreen and partly deciduous tree. Its height is about 10 to 20 m. The pinnate leaves are about 1 meter in length and comparably broad. The stalks are up to 2 m in length. Leaves are quadri pinnate which means leaflets display four orders of branching making this plant the largest of all dicot tree leaves. The tree blooms at night and natural pollination of flowers are done by bats. They form massive seed pods (the fruits) which are up to 1 to 1.5m long that hang down from branches and look like as swords are hanging down the branches. The seeds are round with papery wings.